The Divine Liturgies of St. John Chrysostom and St. Basil the Great

A Comparison of the Sabbaitic and Great Church Liturgical Traditions

PART 1: The Liturgy of the Catechumens (The Synaxis)

According to the Sabbaitic (Jerusalem) Typicon

According to the Great Church (Constantinopolitan) Typicon

[ROCOR text.] Note: The translation used is primarily that of Fr. Lawrence of Jordanville. All the psalms are from The Psalter According to the Seventy, © Copyright Holy Transfiguration Monastery, Brookline, MA, used by permission. Some other material, such as prayers and hymns, are also Copyright HTM, used by permission. All rights reserved. These works may not be further reproduced, beyond printing out a single copy for personal non-commercial use, without the prior written authorization of Holy Transfiguration Monastery.

 

1. The Blessing and the Great Litany (The Great Synapte, the Litany of Peace)

Deacon: Bless, master. (Said only if a deacon serve)

Priest: Blessed is the Kingdom of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.

Choir: Amen.

Deacon or Priest: In peace let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For the peace from above, and the salvation of our souls, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For the peace of the whole world, the good estate of the holy churches of God, and the union of all, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For this holy temple, and for them that with faith, reverence, and the fear of God enter herein, let us pray to the Lord

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For our Great Lord and Father, His Holiness, Patriarch N.; for our lord the Very Most Reverend Metropolitan N., First Hierarch of the Russian Church Abroad; for our lord the Most Reverend (Archbishop or Bishop N.); for the venerable priesthood, the deaconate in Christ, for all the clergy and people, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For this land, its authorities and armed forces, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For the God preserved Russian Land and its Orthodox people both in the homeland and in the diaspora, and for their salvation, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--That He may deliver His people from enemies both visible and invisible, and confirm in us oneness of mind, brotherly love and piety, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For this city (or this town, or this holy monastery), for every city and country, and the faithful that dwell therein, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For seasonable weather, abundance of the fruits of the earth, and peaceful times, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For travelers by sea, land and air; for the sick, the suffering, the imprisoned, and for their salvation, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--That we may be delivered from all tribulation, wrath, and necessity, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and keep us, O God, by Thy grace.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Calling to remembrance our most holy, most pure, most blessed, glorious Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary with all the saints, let us commit ourselves and one another and all our life unto Christ our God.

Choir: To Thee O Lord... (Slowly, if there be no deacon)

Priest: For unto Thee is due all glory, honor and worship; to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.

Choir: Amen.

2. The First Stasis of the Typical Psalms: Psalm 102

Bless the Lord, O my soul; blessed art Thou, O Lord. * Bless the Lord, O my soul, and all that is within me bless His holy name. * Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all that He hath done for thee. * Who is gracious unto all thine iniquities, Who healeth all thine infirmities. * Who redeemeth thy life from corruption, Who crowneth thee with mercy and compassion. * Who fulfilleth thy desire with good things; thy youth shall be renewed as the eagle's. * The Lord performeth deeds of mercy, and executeth judgment for all them that are wronged. * He hath made His ways known unto Moses, unto the sons of Israel the things that He hath willed. * Compassionate and merciful is the Lord, long-suffering and plenteous in mercy. * Not unto the end will He be angered, neither unto eternity will He be wroth. * Not according to our iniquities hath He dealt with us, neither according to our sins hath He rewarded us. * For according to the height of heaven from the earth, the Lord hath made His mercy to prevail over them that fear Him. * As far as the east is from the west, so far hath He removed our iniquities from us. * Like as a father hath compassion upon his sons, so hath the Lord had compassion upon them that fear Him; * for He knoweth whereof we are made, He hath remembered that we are dust. * As for man, his days are as the grass; as a flower of the field, so shall he blossom forth. * For when the wind is passed over it, then it shall be gone, and no longer will it know the place thereof. * But the mercy of the Lord is from eternity, even unto eternity, upon them that fear Him. * And His righteousness is upon sons of sons, upon them that keep His testament and remember His commandments to do them. * The Lord in heaven hath prepared His throne, and His kingdom ruleth over all. * Bless the Lord, all ye His angels, mighty in strength, that perform His word, to hear the voice of His words. * Bless the Lord, all ye His hosts, His ministers that do His will. * Bless the Lord, all ye His works, in every place of His dominion.

Glory to the Father, * and to the Son, * and to the Holy Spirit. * Both now and ever, * and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

Bless the Lord, O my soul, * and all that is within me * bless His holy name; * blessed art Thou, O Lord.

In the parishes it is often the custom to chant only the following selected verses:

Abbreviated First Antiphon

Bless the Lord, O my Soul; * blessed art Thou, O Lord. * Bless the Lord, O my soul, * and all that is within me bless His holy name. * Bless the Lord, O my soul, * and forget not all that He hath done for these. * Who is gracious unto all thine iniquities, * Who healeth all thine infirmities. * Who redeemeth thy life from corruption, * Who crowneth thee with mercy and compassion. * Who fulfilleth thy desire with good things; * thy youth shall be renewed as the eagle’s. * Compassionate and merciful is the Lord, * long-suffering and plenteous in mercy.

Glory to the Father, * and to the Son, * and to the Holy Spirit; * Both now and ever, * and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

Bless the Lord, O my soul, * and all that is within me * bless His holy name; blessed art Thou, O Lord.

2. The First Antiphon (Tone 2)

First Antiphon of Sunday, Psalm 65.

Verse 1. Shout with jubilation unto the Lord all the earth; * Chant ye unto his name, give glory in praise of him.

Refrain: Through the intercessions [or: prayers] of the Theotokos, O Saviour, save us.

Verse 2. Say unto God: How awesome are thy works! * in the multitude of thy power shall thine enemies be proved false unto thee. Refrain.

Verse 3. Let all the earth worship thee and chant unto thee; * Let them chant unto thy name, O Most High. Refrain.

Verse 4. Glory… * Both now… Refrain.

First Antiphon of Weekdays, Psalm 91.

Verse 1. It is good to give praise into the Lord. * and to chant unto thy name, O Most High.

Refrain: Through the intercessions of the Theotokos, O Saviour, save us.

Verse 2. To proclaim in the morning thy mercy, * and thy truth by night. Refrain.

Verse 3. For upright is the Lord our God, * And there is no unrighteousness in him. Refrain.

Verse 4. Glory… * Both now… Refrain.

For several of the feast days, special verses are appointed to be sung instead of those above.

The Small Litany

Deacon or Priest: Again and again, in peace let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and keep us, O God, by Thy grace.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Calling to remembrance our most holy, most pure, most blessed, glorious Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary with all the saints, let us commit ourselves and one another and all our life unto Christ our God.

Choir: To Thee, O Lord.

Priest: For Thine is the dominion, and Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory: of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.

Choir: Amen.

3. The Second Stasis of the Typical Psalms: Psalm 145

Glory to the Father, * and to the Son, * and to the Holy Spirit. * Praise the Lord, O my soul. I will praise the Lord in my life, I will chant unto my God for as long as I have my being. * Trust ye not in princes, in the sons of men, in whom there is no salvation. * His spirit shall go forth, and he shall return unto his earth. In that day all his thoughts shall perish. * Blessed is he of whom the God of Jacob is his help, whose hope is in the Lord his God, * Who hath made heaven and the earth, the sea and all that is therein. * Who keepeth truth unto eternity, Who executeth judgment for the wronged, Who giveth food unto the hungry. * The Lord looseth the fettered; the Lord maketh wise the blind; the Lord setteth aright the fallen; * the Lord loveth the righteous; the Lord preserveth the proselytes. * He shall adopt for His own the orphan and widow, and the way of sinners shall He destroy. * The Lord shall be king unto eternity; thy God, O Zion, unto generation and generation.

3. The Second Antiphon (Tone 2)

Second Antiphon of Sunday, Psalm 66.

Verse 1. God be gracious unto us and bless us, * And cause his face to shine upon us and have mercy on us.

Refrain: O Son of God, Who art risen from the dead, save us who sing to thee: Alleluia.

Verse 2. That we may know upon earth thy way, * among all nations thy salvation. Refrain.

Verse 3. Let the peoples give thee praise, O God, * let all the peoples praise thee. Refrain.

Verse 4. Glory… * Both now… O Only-begotten Son…

Second Antiphon of Weekdays, Psalm 92.

Verse 1. The Lord is King, he is clothed with majesty; * The Lord is clothed with strength and he hath girt himself.

Refrain: O Son of God, Who art wondrous in the saints, save us who sing to thee: Alleluia.

Verse 2. For he established the world, * which shall not be shaken. Refrain.

Verse 3. Thy testimonies are made very sure; * Holiness becometh thy house, O Lord, unto length of days. Refrain.

Verse 4. Glory… * Both now… O Only-begotten Son…

For several of the feast days, special verses are appointed to be sung instead of those above.

Both now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

The Hymn of the Emperor Justinian (Tone 2)

Only-Begotten Son and Word of God, Thou Who art immortal, and didst deign for our salvation to become incarnate of the holy Theotokos and Ever-virgin Mary, without change becoming man, and Who wast crucified, O Christ God, trampling down death by death: Thou Who art one of the Holy Trinity, glorified together with the Father and the Holy Spirit, save us.

The Small Litany

Deacon or Priest: Again and again, in peace let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and keep us, O God, by Thy grace.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Calling to remembrance our most holy, most pure, most blessed, glorious Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary with all the saints, let us commit ourselves and one another and all our life unto Christ our God.

Choir: To Thee, O Lord.

Priest: For a good God art Thou, and the Lover of mankind, and unto Thee do we send up glory: to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.

Choir: Amen.

4. The Beatitudes

In Thy kingdom remember us, O Lord, * when Thou comest in Thy kingdom.

Blessed are the poor in spirit, * for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

[On 12 verses]

Blessed are they that mourn, * for they shall be comforted.

Blessed are the meek, * for they shall inherit the earth.

[On 10 verses]

Blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness, * for they shall be filled.

Blessed are the merciful, * for they shall obtain mercy.

[On 8 verses]

Blessed are the pure in heart, * for they shall see God.

Blessed are the peacemakers, * for they shall be called the sons of God.

Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness' sake, * for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, * and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake.

Rejoice, and be exceeding glad, * for great is your reward in the heavens.

Glory to the Father, * and to the Son, * and to the Holy Spirit.

Both now and ever, * and unto the ages of ages. Amen.

4. The Third Antiphon

The Third Antiphon is the same for Sundays and weekdays, except for the refrain (as noted below). However, for several feast days, special verses are appointed instead of the following.

Third Antiphon of Sundays and Weekdays, Psalm 94.

Verse 1. Come let us rejoice in the Lord, * Let us shout with jubilation unto God our Saviour. Refrain.

The refrain for Sundays: the Troparion/Apolytikion of the Tone of the week.
The refrain for weekdays (sung in Tone 2): O Son of God, Who art wondrous in the saints, save us who sing to thee: Alleluia.

Verse 2. Let us come before his countenance with thanksgiving, * and with psalms let us shout in jubilation before him. Refrain.

Verse 3. For the Lord is a great God, * and a great King over all the earth. Refrain.

5. The Small Entry

Deacon or Priest: Wisdom! Aright!

Choir: O come let us worship and fall down before Christ, [Who rose from the dead,]* O Son of God, save us who sing to Thee: Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia.

*This is how it is sung on Sundays, but on weekdays sing “Who art wondrous in the saints”, unless it is a feast of the Theotokos, in which case we sing “through the prayers of the Theotokos”. If it is a great feast of the Lord, we sing the appointed Entry Verse (“Eisodikon” or “Introit”), and “O come let us worship...” may have a different text inserted.

6. Troparia & Kontakia

[The appointed Troparia and Kontakia of the day, according to the Typicon.]

Note that the Sabbaitic Typicon has a fuller use of Troparia and Kontakia than the Great Church Typicon.

6. Troparia & Kontakia

[The appointed Troparia and Kontakion of the day are sung. Note that the contemporary Great Church traditions only permits one Kontakion to be sung.]

In general, these instructions apply for most days of the year:

  • On Sundays, first sing the Resurrectional Troparion (Apolytikion) for the Tone of the week and/or the Troparion of the Feast, if any, as appointed.
  • On weekdays, sing the Troparion of the day or feast (from the Menaion, Triodion or Pentecostarion) or the Troparion of the day of the week (from the Octoechos).
  • Then, on all days, sing the Troparion for the temple (its patron saint or dedication), unless it be a Great Feast.
  • We then sing the appointed Kontakion, either “O protection of Christians” or that of a Great Feast.

Then, the priest exclaims: For holy art Thou, O our God, and unto Thee do we send up glory: to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever: (If a deacon serve, the priest stops here; if a priest serve alone, he continues: and unto ages of ages.)

Deacon: O Lord, save the pious and hearken unto us.

Choir: O Lord, save the pious and hearken unto us.

If there is no deacon, "O Lord, save the pious..." is omitted.

Choir: Amen.

Priest: Let us pray to the Lord.

People: Lord, have mercy.

Priest: For holy art thou, O our God, and unto thee we ascribe glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever and unto ages of ages.

People: Amen.

7. The Trisagion Hymn*

*When “As many as have been baptized…” or “Before Thy Cross…” are appointed, they are sung in place of the Trisagion.

Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal have mercy on us. (thrice)

Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, both now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen. Holy Immortal have mercy on us.

[In the practice of the Great Church Typicon, the priest exclaims: “Dynamis!”]

Holy God, Holy mighty, Holy Immortal have mercy on us. 

8a. The Prokeimenon

Deacon or Priest: Let us attend.

Priest or Bishop: Peace be unto all.

Reader: And to thy spirit.

Deacon or Priest: Wisdom!

Reader: The Prokimenon in the ___Tone: (And he announces the words of the Prokimenon. The Choir chant it.)

Reader: Stichos. The Choir repeat the Prokimenon.

Reader: In the ___Tone: (And he announces the second prokimenon.) (Or, if there be only one prokimenon, he may announce a second stichos; otherwise he will announce the first half of the prokimenon, and Choir chant the second half.)

8a. The Prokeimenon

Priest: Let us attend.

Reader: announces the Prokeimenon of the Epistle.

In the Great Church parish tradition, nothing further is read or sung, as the Prokeimenon verses have essentially been eliminated.

8b. The Epistle Reading

Deacon or Priest: Wisdom!

Reader: The Reading from: (the Acts of the Holy Apostles, or: the catholic Epistle of N., or: the Epistle of the holy Apostle Paul to the N.)

Deacon or Priest: Let us attend.

Reader: If it be from the Acts: In those days...

If it be from the Epistles of St. John: Beloved...

If it be from the Epistles of St. Paul: Brethren...

or: My son Timothy...

And when the Epistle is concluded:

Priest or Bishop: Peace be unto thee [that readest].

The reader bows to the priest and may quietly say: And to thy spirit.

9a. The Alleluia

Reader: Alleluia in the __ Tone. (If there be two prokimena, he may also announce a stichos before the Choir chant the first time.)

Choir: Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia.

Reader: Stichos 1. Choir chant second time in same tone.

Reader: Stichos 2. Choir chant final time.

9a. The Alleluia

On Sundays we may sing “Alleluia” in the Tone of the week, but on weekdays we may use acommon melody.

Choir: Alleluia, alleluia, alleluia.

In the Great Church parish tradition, nothing further is read or sung, as the Alleluia verses have essentially been eliminated.

 

9b. The Gospel Reading

Priest: Wisdom! Aright! Let us hear the Holy Gospel.

Priest: Peace be unto all.

Choir: And to thy spirit.

Priest: The Reading is from the Holy Gospel according to N.

Choir: Glory to Thee, O Lord, glory to thee.

Priest: Let us attend.

Then the Gospel is read…

Choir: Glory to Thee, O Lord, glory to Thee.

At this point, the priest may offer a sermon or homily.

10. THE LITANIES

The Litany (Ectene) of Fervent Supplication

Deacon or Priest: Let us all say with our whole soul and with our whole mind, let us say.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--O Lord Almighty, the God of our fathers, we pray Thee, hearken and have mercy.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Have mercy on us, O God, according to Thy great mercy, we pray Thee, hearken and have mercy.

Choir: Lord, have mercy. Thrice.

--Again we pray for our Great Lord and Father, His Holiness, Patriarch N.; for our lord the Very Most Reverend Metropolitan N., First Hierarch of the Russian Church Abroad; for our lord the Most Reverend (Archbishop or Bishop N., whose diocese it is) and all our brethren in Christ.

Choir: Lord, have mercy. Thrice. Slowly, if there is no Deacon

--Again we pray for this land, its authorities and armed forces.

Choir: Lord, have mercy. Thrice.

--Again we pray for the God preserved Russian Land and its Orthodox people both in the homeland and in the diaspora and for their salvation.

Choir: Lord, have mercy. Thrice.

--Again we pray to the Lord our God that He may deliver His people from enemies visible and invisible, and confirm in us oneness of mind, brotherly love and piety.

Choir: Lord, have mercy. Thrice.

--Again we pray for our brethren, the priests, priestmonks, and all our brethren in Christ.

Choir: Lord, have mercy. Thrice.

--Again we pray for the blessed and ever-memorable, holy Orthodox patriarchs; for pious kings and right-believing queens; and for the founders of this holy temple (if it be a monastery: this holy monastery): and for all our fathers and brethren gone to their rest before us, and the Orthodox here and everywhere laid to rest.

Choir: Lord, have mercy. Thrice.

Here may be inserted various additional petitions, i.e., for the ill and afflicted, the newly-baptized, etc.

--Again we pray for them that bring offerings and do good works in this holy and all-venerable temple; for them that minister and them that chant, and for all the people here present, that await of Thee great and abundant mercy.

Choir: Lord, have mercy. Thrice.

Priest: For a merciful God art Thou, and the Lover of mankind, and unto Thee do we send up glory: to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.

Choir: Amen.

10. THE LITANIES

Note that all of the Litanies after the Gospel reading and before the Great Entrance have been eliminated in modern parish practice in the Greek and Antiochian tradition. (There are some parishes, however, which choose to observe these prayers, particularly if there are catechumens, but these can only be restored with the blessing of the bishop.)

The Litany of the Catechumens

Deacon or Priest: Pray, ye catechumens, to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Ye faithful, for the catechumens let us pray, that the Lord will have mercy on them.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--That He will catechize them with the word of Truth.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--That He will reveal unto them the Gospel of righteousness.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--That He will unite them to His Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Save them, have mercy on them, help them, and keep them, O God, by Thy grace.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Ye catechumens, bow your heads unto the Lord.

Choir: To Thee, O Lord. (Slowly, if there be no deacon.)

Priest: That they also with us may glorify Thy most honorable and majestic name: of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.

Choir: Amen.

 

The First Litany of the Faithful

Deacon or Priest: As many as are catechumens, depart; catechumens, depart; as many as are catechumens, depart; let none of the catechumens remain!

Priest: As many as are of the faithful, again and again, in peace let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy. (Slowly if there be no deacon.)

--Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and keep us, O God, by Thy grace.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Wisdom!

Priest: For unto Thee is due all glory, honor and worship: to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.

Choir: Amen.

 

The Second Litany of the Faithful

--Again and again, in peace let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy. (Slowly, if there be no deacon.)


If there be no deacon, the following petitions are not said:

--For the peace from above, and the salvation of our souls, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For the peace of the whole world, the good estate of the holy churches of God, and the union of all, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--For this holy temple, and for them that with faith, reverence, and the fear of God enter herein, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--That we may be delivered from all tribulation, wrath, and necessity, let us pray to the Lord.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.


--Help us, save us, have mercy on us, and keep us, O God, by Thy grace.

Choir: Lord, have mercy.

--Wisdom!

Priest: That always being guarded under Thy dominion, we may send up glory unto Thee: to the Father, and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages.

Choir: Amen.

 

PART 2: The Liturgy of the Faithful (The Eucharist)